光伏发电系统

Photovoltaic power generation system

是由太阳能电池方阵，蓄电池组，充放电控制器，逆变器，交流配电柜，太阳跟踪控制系统等设备组成。其部分设备的作用是：

It is composed of solar cell arrays, battery packs, charge and discharge controllers, inverters, AC distribution cabinets, solar tracking control systems, and other equipment. The functions of some of its equipment are:

太阳能

solar energy

在有光照（无论是太阳光，还是其它发光体产生的光照）情况下，电池吸收光能，电池两端出现异号电荷的积累，即产生“光生电压”，这就是“光生伏特效应”。在光生伏打效应的作用下，太阳能电池的两端产生电动势，将光能转换成电能，是能量转换的器件。太阳能电池一般为硅电池，分为单晶硅太阳能电池，多晶硅太阳能电池和非晶硅太阳能电池三种。

In the presence of light (whether it is sunlight or light generated by other luminescent materials), the battery absorbs light energy, and the accumulation of heterologous charges occurs at both ends of the battery, resulting in a "photogenerated voltage", which is known as the "photogenerated volt effect". Under the photovoltaic effect, the two ends of a solar cell generate electromotive force, converting light energy into electrical energy, which is a device for energy conversion. Solar cells are generally silicon cells, divided into three types: monocrystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, and amorphous silicon solar cells.

蓄电池组

Battery pack

其作用是贮存太阳能电池方阵受光照时发出的电能并可随时向负载供电。太阳能电池发电对所用蓄电池组的基本要求是：a.自放电率低；b.使用寿命长；c.深放电能力强；d.充电效率高；e.少维护或免维护；f.工作温度范围宽；g.价格低廉。

Its function is to store the electrical energy emitted by the solar cell array when exposed to light and provide power to the load at any time. The basic requirements for the battery pack used in solar cell power generation are: a. low self discharge rate; b. Long service life; c. Strong deep discharge capability; d. High charging efficiency; e. Less maintenance or no maintenance; f. Wide working temperature range; g. Low price.

控制设备

control equipment 

是能自动防止蓄电池过充电和过放电的设备。由于蓄电池的循环充放电次数及放电深度是决定蓄电池使用寿命的重要因素，因此能控制蓄电池组过充电或过放电的充放电控制器是必不可少的设备。

It is a device that can automatically prevent overcharging and discharging of batteries. Due to the fact that the number of cycles of charging and discharging and the depth of discharge are important factors determining the service life of a battery, a charging and discharging controller that can control overcharging or discharging of the battery pack is an essential equipment.

逆变器是将直流电转换成交流电的设备。由于太阳能电池和蓄电池是直流电源，而负载是交流负载时，逆变器是必不可少的。逆变器按运行方式，可分为独立运行逆变器和并网逆变器。独立运行逆变器用于独立运行的太阳能电池发电系统，为独立负载供电。并网逆变器用于并网运行的太阳能电池发电系统。逆变器按输出波型可分为方波逆变器和正弦波逆变器。方波逆变器电路简单，造价低，但谐波分量大，一般用于几百瓦以下和对谐波要求不高的系统。正弦波逆变器成本高，但可以适用于各种负载。

An inverter is a device that converts direct current into alternating current. Due to the fact that solar cells and batteries are DC power sources, while loads are AC loads, inverters are essential. Inverters can be divided into independent operating inverters and grid connected inverters according to their operating modes. Independent operating inverters are used for solar cell power generation systems that operate independently and provide power to independent loads. Grid connected inverters are used in solar cell power generation systems for grid connected operation. Inverters can be divided into square wave inverters and sine wave inverters according to their output waveform. The square wave inverter has a simple circuit and low cost, but it has a large harmonic component and is generally used in systems below a few hundred watts and with low requirements for harmonics. Sine wave inverters are expensive, but they can be suitable for various loads.

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