在全球能源结构加速向清洁能源转型的大背景下，分布式光伏发电以到底有什么用呢？为什么成为能源领域的重要力量。

What is the use of distributed photovoltaic power generation in the context of accelerating the transition to clean energy in the global energy structure? Why has it become an important force in the energy sector.

它与集中式发电形成互补，为能源供应带来了新的变革，其优势主要体现在以下多个方面。

It complements centralized power generation and brings new changes to energy supply, with its advantages mainly reflected in the following aspects.

一、灵活的能源供应模式​

1、 Flexible energy supply model

分布式光伏发电项目规模可大可小，安装位置灵活多变，能够充分利用建筑物屋顶、农业大棚顶部、工业厂房等闲置空间。无论是城市中的商业楼宇、居民住宅，还是农村的民居院落、养殖场，都可以成为分布式光伏发电的应用场景。这种 “就近发电、就近并网、就近转换、就近使用” 的模式，减少了电力在长距离传输过程中的损耗。例如，在工业园区内建设分布式光伏电站，所发电力可直接供园区内企业使用，降低企业用电成本的同时，提高了能源利用效率 。​

Distributed photovoltaic power generation projects can be large or small in scale, with flexible installation locations that can fully utilize idle spaces such as building roofs, agricultural greenhouse roofs, and industrial plants. Whether it is commercial buildings, residential buildings in cities, or residential courtyards and farms in rural areas, they can all become application scenarios for distributed photovoltaic power generation. This mode of "generating electricity nearby, connecting to the grid nearby, converting nearby, and using nearby" reduces the loss of electricity during long-distance transmission. For example, building distributed photovoltaic power stations in industrial parks can directly supply electricity to enterprises in the park, reducing their electricity costs while improving energy efficiency. ​

二、降低电力传输成本​

2、 Reduce the cost of power transmission

传统集中式发电需要通过高压输电线路将电力输送到远距离的负荷中心，输电过程中会产生可观的线损。而分布式光伏发电靠近用电端，电力直接在本地消纳，无需大规模的输电网络建设与维护，有效降低了电力传输成本。此外，随着分布式光伏的普及，还可以缓解局部地区电网的供电压力，减少对大型变电站和输电线路扩容改造的需求，进一步节约了电力基础设施建设投资 。​

Traditional centralized power generation requires the transmission of electricity to distant load centers through high-voltage transmission lines, which can result in significant line losses during the transmission process. Distributed photovoltaic power generation is close to the power consumption end, and the electricity is directly consumed locally without the need for large-scale transmission network construction and maintenance, effectively reducing the cost of power transmission. In addition, with the popularization of distributed photovoltaics, it can also alleviate the power supply pressure of local power grids, reduce the demand for expansion and renovation of large substations and transmission lines, and further save investment in power infrastructure construction. ​

三、绿色环保，助力减排​

3、 Green and environmentally friendly, helping to reduce emissions

太阳能作为一种清洁能源，在发电过程中不产生温室气体排放，也不会产生废渣、废水等污染物。分布式光伏发电项目的广泛应用，能够有效减少煤炭、石油等化石能源的使用，降低二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物等污染物的排放。据测算，每安装 1 千瓦的分布式光伏发电系统，每年可减排二氧化碳约 1 吨 。这对于改善空气质量、应对气候变化、实现 “双碳” 目标具有重要意义 。​

Solar energy, as a clean energy source, does not produce greenhouse gas emissions or pollutants such as waste residue and wastewater during the power generation process. The widespread application of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects can effectively reduce the use of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, and lower the emissions of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. According to calculations, installing a 1 kilowatt distributed photovoltaic power generation system can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 1 ton per year. This is of great significance for improving air quality, addressing climate change, and achieving the "dual carbon" goals. ​

四、提高能源安全性​

4、 Improve energy security

分布式光伏发电具有一定的独立性，在遇到自然灾害、电网故障等情况时，部分分布式光伏项目可脱离大电网独立运行，为用户提供应急电力保障，提高了能源供应的可靠性和安全性。例如在偏远地区，分布式光伏系统可以作为独立的供电电源，解决当地居民用电难题，摆脱对长距离输电线路的依赖 。​

Distributed photovoltaic power generation has a certain degree of independence. In the event of natural disasters, power grid failures, and other situations, some distributed photovoltaic projects can operate independently of the power grid, providing emergency power support for users and improving the reliability and safety of energy supply. For example, in remote areas, distributed photovoltaic systems can serve as independent power sources, solving the electricity problem for local residents and eliminating dependence on long-distance transmission lines. ​

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