一、屋顶光伏租赁的核心逻辑

1、 The core logic of rooftop photovoltaic leasing

闲置资源再利用：将空置的屋顶转化为清洁能源生产平台，通过出租空间获取稳定收益。以 1000 平方米屋顶为例，安装约 100 千瓦光伏系统，年发电量可达 12 万度，相当于减少碳排放 96 吨。

Reuse of idle resources: Transform vacant roofs into clean energy production platforms and obtain stable income by renting out space. Taking a 1000 square meter roof as an example, installing approximately 100 kilowatts of photovoltaic systems can generate up to 120000 kilowatt hours of electricity annually, equivalent to reducing carbon emissions by 96 tons.

风险隔离机制：租赁模式下，业主无需承担设备投资、安装及运维成本，由专业机构全程负责。例如，某居民通过出租屋顶获得固定租金，同时享受屋顶隔热效果提升 5-7℃的附加收益。

Risk isolation mechanism: Under the leasing model, the owner does not need to bear the equipment investment, installation, and operation costs, and is fully responsible by a professional organization. For example, a resident earns a fixed rent by renting out their roof, while also enjoying the additional benefit of increasing the insulation effect of the roof by 5-7 ℃.

二、操作流程详解

2、 Detailed explanation of operation process

屋顶评估与筛选

Roof evaluation and screening

结构安全性：需确认屋顶承重≥30 公斤 / 平方米，避免老旧建筑（如 20 年以上砖木结构）或存在裂缝、渗漏的屋顶。

Structural safety: It is necessary to confirm that the roof load-bearing capacity is ≥ 30 kilograms per square meter to avoid old buildings (such as brick and wood structures over 20 years old) or roofs with cracks or leaks.

光照条件：优先选择朝南、无遮挡的屋顶，日均有效光照时长≥4 小时，避免周边有树木、高层建筑或粉尘污染。

Lighting conditions: Priority should be given to roofs facing south and unobstructed, with a daily effective lighting duration of ≥ 4 hours, to avoid trees, high-rise buildings, or dust pollution in the surrounding area.

产权合法性：需提供房产证、土地证等文件，确保屋顶无抵押、查封或产权纠纷。

Legitimacy of property rights: Property certificates, land certificates and other documents must be provided to ensure that the roof is not mortgaged, sealed or subject to property disputes.

合同签订与条款设计

Contract signing and clause design

租赁期限：通常为 20-25 年，符合《民法典》关于租赁合同最长 20 年的规定，超期部分需重新协商。

Lease term: usually 20-25 years, in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code regarding the maximum term of 20 years for lease contracts. Any overdue portion needs to be renegotiated.

租金模式：常见两种方式：

Rental mode: There are two common ways:

固定租金：按每块光伏板每年 15-25 元计算（如 1000 平方米屋顶可安装约 300 块板，年租金约 4500-7500 元）。

Fixed rent: Calculated at 15-25 yuan per photovoltaic panel per year (for example, about 300 panels can be installed on a 1000 square meter roof, with an annual rent of about 4500-7500 yuan).

收益分成：按发电量比例分成（如业主获得 10%-15% 的售电收益）。

Revenue sharing: Share according to the proportion of electricity generation (such as owners receiving 10% -15% of electricity sales revenue).

责任划分：明确设备安装、维护、保险由承租方承担，业主需配合电网接入及安全检查。

Responsibility allocation: Clearly define that equipment installation, maintenance, and insurance shall be borne by the lessee, and the owner shall cooperate with grid access and safety inspections.

施工与并网

Construction and grid connection

安装流程：

Installation process:

支架固定：采用膨胀螺丝或配重底座，避免破坏防水层，安装误差≤2 毫米。

Bracket fixation: Expansion screws or counterweight base are used to avoid damaging the waterproof layer, with an installation error of ≤ 2 millimeters.

组件铺设：单块光伏板重量约 20 公斤，需确保支架承重均匀，间距设计避免前后遮挡。

Component laying: The weight of a single photovoltaic panel is about 20 kilograms, and it is necessary to ensure that the support is evenly supported, with spacing designed to avoid front and rear obstruction.

并网验收：通过电力公司检测后，签订购售电协议，多余电量可按当地电价结算。

Grid connection acceptance: After passing the inspection of the power company, a purchase and sale agreement is signed, and excess electricity can be settled according to local electricity prices.

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