很多人看到邻居房顶装了太阳能板，觉得既环保又能省钱，自己也想试试。但装之前得先算清楚这笔账，看看你家屋顶到底适不适合。

Many people see their neighbors installing solar panels on their roofs and think it's both environmentally friendly and cost-effective, so they also want to give it a try. But before installing, you need to calculate this account and see if your roof is suitable.

一、太阳能发电的好处看得见

1、 The benefits of solar power generation are visible

1.电费单直接缩水

1. Direct reduction of electricity bill

在安徽，普通家庭每月用电 150 度左右。如果装 5 千瓦的太阳能系统，夏天阳光好的时候，发的电不仅够自家使用，多余的还能卖给电网。按每度电 0.6 元算，每年能省 3000-5000 元电费，相当于每天少花 8-14 块钱。

In Anhui, the average household consumes around 150 kWh of electricity per month. If a 5 kW solar energy system is installed, during the sunny summer, the electricity generated will not only be enough for personal use, but the excess can also be sold to the power grid. Calculated at 0.6 yuan per kilowatt hour, it can save 3000-5000 yuan in electricity bills annually, which is equivalent to saving 8-14 yuan per day.

2.屋顶变成 “印钞机”

2. The roof becomes a 'money printing machine'

太阳能板寿命长达 25 年，前 5-6 年就能收回成本。假设你家屋顶 50 平方米，安装后每年发电 6000 度，按市场价算相当于每年多赚 3600 元。25 年下来，相当于多了 9 万元收入。

The lifespan of solar panels is up to 25 years, and the cost can be recovered in the first 5-6 years. Assuming your roof covers an area of 50 square meters and generates 6000 kilowatt hours of electricity annually after installation, it is equivalent to earning an additional 3600 yuan per year at market prices. In 25 years, it is equivalent to an additional income of 90000 yuan.

3.给地球减负

3. Reduce the burden on the Earth

每发 1 度电相当于减少 0.85 公斤二氧化碳排放。5 千瓦系统每年减少的碳排放，相当于种了 300 棵树。如果你家小区有 100 户都装太阳能，一年减少的碳排放能装满 2000 个热气球。

Each kilowatt hour of electricity is equivalent to reducing 0.85 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions. The annual reduction in carbon emissions by a 5 kW system is equivalent to planting 300 trees. If 100 households in your community are equipped with solar energy, the annual reduction in carbon emissions can fill 2000 hot air balloons.

二、这三类屋顶更适合安装

2、 These three types of roofs are more suitable for installation

1.“黄金屋顶” 标准

1. "Golden Roof" standard

朝向：朝南或西南方向最佳，每天日照 4 小时以上

Orientation: The best direction is south or southwest, with at least 4 hours of sunlight per day

坡度：15-30 度的斜坡比平顶效率高 15%

Slope: A slope of 15-30 degrees is 15% more efficient than a flat top

结构：混凝土屋顶承重需达 30 公斤 / 平方米，彩钢瓦屋顶要检查锈蚀情况

Structure: The load-bearing capacity of the concrete roof should reach 30 kilograms per square meter, and the corrosion condition of the color steel tile roof should be checked

2.特别适合的场景

2. Specially suitable scenarios

农村自建房：屋顶大且电价低，装太阳能能卖电赚钱

Rural self built houses: large roofs and low electricity prices, installing solar energy to sell electricity and make money

工商业厂房：电费高，白天用电量大，装光伏能省 40% 以上电费

Industrial and commercial plants: high electricity bills, high daytime electricity consumption, installing photovoltaic energy can save more than 40% of electricity bills

老旧小区：通过 “光伏 + 改造” 模式，业主不用出钱也能享受电价优惠

Old residential areas: Through the "photovoltaic+renovation" model, homeowners can enjoy electricity price discounts without having to pay

三、安装前必做的三件事

3、 Three things to do before installation

检查屋顶条件

Check the roof conditions

找专业人员测试屋顶承重，用无人机拍摄周边环境，看看有没有树木或建筑遮挡阳光。某公司实测发现，树荫遮挡会让发电量下降 20%。

Find professionals to test the load-bearing capacity of the roof, use drones to capture the surrounding environment, and see if there are trees or buildings blocking the sunlight. A company has found through actual testing that tree shade can reduce power generation by 20%.

核算经济账

Accounting for Economic Accounts

用 “光伏计算器” 输入屋顶面积、当地电价等参数，算出具体收益。比如安徽某用户装 10 千瓦系统，投资 4 万元，6 年回本，之后 19 年净赚 11 万元。

Use the "photovoltaic calculator" to input parameters such as roof area and local electricity prices, and calculate the specific revenue. For example, a user in Anhui installed a 10 kW system, invested 40000 yuan, recouped their investment in 6 years, and earned a net profit of 110000 yuan in the following 19 years.

了解并网流程

Understand the grid connection process

向供电公司提交申请（免费），他们会派人安装双向电表。并网后，发的电优先自己用，用不完的按 0.38 元 / 度卖给国家电网。

Submit an application to the power supply company (free of charge), and they will send someone to install a two-way electricity meter. After grid connection, the electricity generated will be prioritized for personal use, and any unused electricity will be sold to State Grid at a rate of 0.38 yuan/kWh.

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