光伏发电是根据光生伏打效应原理，利用太阳电池将太阳光能直接转化为电能。不论是独立使用还是并网发电，光伏发电系统主要由太阳电池板（组件）、控制器和逆变器三大部分组成，它们主要由电子元器件构成，不涉及机械部件，所以，光伏发电设备极为精炼，可靠稳定寿命长、安装维护简便。理论上讲，光伏发电技术可以用于任何需要电源的场合，上至航天器，下至家用电源，大到兆瓦级电站，小到玩具，光伏电源可以无处不在。

Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, photovoltaic power generation systems mainly consist of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers, and inverters. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical components. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable, with a long service life and easy installation and maintenance. In theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation that requires power, from spacecraft to household power sources, from megawatt level power plants to toys, photovoltaic power can be ubiquitous.

分类发电模式

Classified power generation mode

太阳能发电分光热发电和光伏发电。不论产销量、发展速度和发展前景、光热发电都赶不上光伏发电。可能因光伏发电普及较广而接触光热发电较少，通常民间所说的太阳能发电往往指的就是太阳能光伏发电，简称光电。

Solar power generation is divided into photothermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation. Regardless of production and sales volume, development speed and prospects, solar thermal power generation cannot catch up with photovoltaic power generation. Perhaps due to the widespread popularity of photovoltaic power generation, there is less exposure to photothermal power generation. The term solar power generation commonly referred to by the public refers to solar photovoltaic power generation, abbreviated as photovoltaics.

输送方式

Transportation method

太阳能光伏发电分为独立光伏发电与并网光伏发电

Solar photovoltaic power generation is divided into independent photovoltaic power generation and grid connected photovoltaic power generation

独立光伏发电

Independent photovoltaic power generation

独立光伏发电系统也叫离网光伏发电系统。主要由太阳能电池组件、控制器、蓄电池组成，若要为交流负载供电，还需要配置交流逆变器。

Independent photovoltaic power generation systems, also known as off grid photovoltaic power generation systems. It mainly consists of solar cell components, controllers, and batteries. To supply power to AC loads, an AC inverter is also required.

并网光伏发电

Grid connected photovoltaic power generation

并网光伏发电系统就是太阳能组件产生的直流电经过并网逆变器转换成符合市电电网要求的交流电这后直接接入公共电网。并网光伏发电系统有集中式大型并网光伏电站一般都是国家级电站，主要特点是将所发电能直接输送到电网，由电网统一调配向用户供电。但这种电站投资大、建设周期长、占地面积大，发展难度相对较大。而分散式小型并网光伏系统，特别是光伏建筑一体化发电系统，由于投资小、建设快、占地面积小、政策支持力度大等优点，是并网光伏发电的主流。

Grid connected photovoltaic power generation system refers to the direct current generated by solar modules being converted into AC power that meets the requirements of the municipal power grid through grid connected inverters, and then directly connected to the public power grid. Grid connected photovoltaic power generation systems have centralized large-scale grid connected photovoltaic power stations, which are generally national level power stations. The main feature is to directly transmit the generated energy to the grid, which is uniformly distributed by the grid to provide power to users. However, this type of power station has high investment, long construction period, large land area, and relatively high development difficulty. Distributed small-scale grid connected photovoltaic systems, especially photovoltaic building integrated power generation systems, are the mainstream of grid connected photovoltaic power generation due to their advantages such as small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and strong policy support.

光伏发电是根据光生伏特效应原理,利用太阳能电池将太阳光能直接转化为电能。不论是独立使用还是并网发电,光伏发电系统主要由太阳能电池板（组件）、控制器和逆变器三大部分组成，它们主要由电子元器件构成，不涉及机械部件,所以,光伏发电设备极为精炼,可靠稳定寿命长、安装维护简便。理论上讲,光伏发电技术可以用于任何需要电源的场合,上至航天器,下至家用电源,大到兆瓦级电站,小到玩具,光伏电源无处不在。国产晶体硅电池效率在10至13%左右，国外同类产品效率约12至14%。由一个或多个太阳能电池片组成的太阳能电池板称为光伏组件。

Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electricity. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, photovoltaic power generation systems mainly consist of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers, and inverters. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical components. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable, with a long lifespan and easy installation and maintenance. In theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation that requires power, from spacecraft to household power sources, from megawatt level power plants to toys, photovoltaic power is everywhere. The efficiency of domestically produced crystalline silicon batteries is around 10% to 13%, while the efficiency of similar foreign products is about 12% to 14%. A solar panel composed of one or more solar cells is called a photovoltaic module.