光伏发电的集中式与分布式主要有以下区别：

　　The main differences between centralized and distributed photovoltaic power generation are as follows:

　　安装位置 ：

　　Installation location:

　　分布式光伏电站通常安装在建筑物屋顶、墙面、停车场顶棚等分散位置。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power stations are usually installed in scattered locations such as building roofs, walls, and parking lot ceilings.

　　集中式光伏电站则建设在大型太阳能电站中，集中在特定地区如沙漠、山地等。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations are built in large solar power stations, concentrated in specific areas such as deserts, mountains, etc.

　　电压等级 ：

　　Voltage level:

　　分布式光伏电站一般采用较低电压（如380V）并网。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power plants generally use lower voltage (such as 380V) for grid connection.

　　集中式光伏电站可能使用较高电压（如35KV或110KV）并网。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations may use higher voltages (such as 35KV or 110KV) for grid connection.

　　输送距离 ：

　　Conveying distance:

　　分布式光伏电站发电后通常就地并网，线路损耗低。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power plants are usually connected to the grid on-site after power generation, with low line losses.

　　集中式光伏电站需要进行长距离输电。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations require long-distance power transmission.

　　电站规模 ：

　　Scale of power station:

　　分布式光伏电站规模较小，适用于小型商业和个人居民使用。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power stations have a small scale and are suitable for small commercial and individual residential use.

　　集中式光伏电站规模较大，常见于大型太阳能开发项目。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations have a large scale and are commonly used in large-scale solar energy development projects.

　　建设成本 ：

　　Construction cost:

　　分布式光伏电站经济性较高，业主可以自行投资或与第三方合作建设。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power stations have high economic efficiency, and owners can invest or cooperate with third parties to construct them.

　　集中式光伏电站建设成本较高，且受地理环境和场地限制。

　　The construction cost of centralized photovoltaic power stations is relatively high and is limited by geographical environment and site constraints.

　　发电量 ：

　　Power generation:

　　分布式光伏电站发电量相对较低，但可以为单个建筑物提供电力。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power plants have relatively low power generation, but can provide electricity for individual buildings.

　　集中式光伏电站发电量较高，可以为更多用户提供电力。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations have a high power generation capacity and can provide electricity to more users.

　　运维难度 ：

　　Operation and maintenance difficulty:

　　分布式光伏电站因设备分散，运维难度较大。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power stations are difficult to operate and maintain due to scattered equipment.

　　集中式光伏电站可以统一管理和监测，运维难度较低。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations can be managed and monitored uniformly, with low difficulty in operation and maintenance.

　　适用范围 ：

　　Scope of application:

　　分布式光伏适用于城市、工业园区等用电需求大的区域。

　　Distributed photovoltaics are suitable for areas with high electricity demand such as cities and industrial parks.

　　集中式光伏适用于光照资源丰富且土地资源相对充裕的地区。

　　Centralized photovoltaics are suitable for areas with abundant light resources and relatively abundant land resources.

　　环境影响 ：

　　Environmental impact:

　　分布式光伏对土地资源和生态环境的影响较小。

　　Distributed photovoltaics have a relatively small impact on land resources and ecological environment.

　　集中式光伏可能需要占用较大面积的土地，对环境有一定影响。

　　Centralized photovoltaics may require a large area of land and have a certain impact on the environment.

　　经济性与投资门槛 ：

　　Economic viability and investment threshold:

　　分布式光伏投资门槛较低，适合小规模投资。

　　The investment threshold for distributed photovoltaics is relatively low, making it suitable for small-scale investments.

　　集中式光伏投资成本较高，但发电效益也相对较高。

　　The investment cost of centralized photovoltaics is relatively high, but the power generation efficiency is also relatively high.

　　这些区别使得集中式和分布式光伏系统各有优劣，适用于不同的应用场景和需求

　　These differences make centralized and distributed photovoltaic systems have their own advantages and disadvantages, suitable for different application scenarios and needs

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