屋顶安装光伏组件的不同安装形式有哪些？

What are the different installation forms of rooftop mounted photovoltaic modules?

　　不同的屋顶安装光伏组件的方法也不一样，常见的安装方式包括附加型、压载型及桩基型。

The method of installing photovoltaic modules on different roofs also varies, and common installation methods include additional type, ballast type, and pile foundation type.

　　如果屋顶属于彩钢瓦型式，一般都考虑附加型，直接将组件平铺在彩钢瓦上，尤其是一般彩钢瓦屋顶都没有女儿墙，采用平铺的型式防风效果最好，最为安全；另外彩钢瓦屋顶也有一定的倾角，虽然可能不是光伏发电对应的最佳倾角，但加大倾角带来的改造成本也是需要综合考量的。

If the roof belongs to the color steel tile type, an additional type is generally considered, and the components are directly laid flat on the color steel tile. Especially since most color steel tile roofs do not have parapets, using a flat type has the best windproof effect and is the safest; In addition, the color steel tile roof also has a certain inclination angle. Although it may not be the optimal inclination angle for photovoltaic power generation, the cost of renovation caused by increasing the inclination angle also needs to be comprehensively considered.

　　对于水泥屋顶，通常是纯平，常见的安装方式是压载型和混凝土基础桩基型，如上图所示。

For cement roofs, they are usually flat, and the common installation methods are compression type and concrete foundation pile foundation type, as shown in the above figure.

　　很多时候，建筑物业主不允许在混凝土平屋顶上钻孔，一方面是担心老建筑的强度，或者是不想改变屋顶的防水性能。这就是选择压载型或混凝土基础安装的原因。

Many times, building owners are not allowed to drill holes on concrete flat roofs because they are concerned about the strength of the old building or do not want to change the waterproof performance of the roof. This is the reason for choosing ballast type or concrete foundation installation.

　　压载型由于没有和屋顶做锚固连接，因此侧面可以考虑做防风处理，尤其是没有女儿墙的水泥屋顶。

Due to the lack of anchoring connection with the roof, the side of the ballast type can be considered for windproof treatment, especially for cement roofs without parapets.

　　混凝土基座的主要目的是确保即使在暴风雨季节，支架系统也能保持完好无损。它保证了良好的安装而不会导致屋顶漏水，还可以提高太阳能电池组件的效率，减少女儿墙对阳光的遮挡。

The main purpose of a concrete foundation is to ensure that the support system remains intact even during stormy seasons. It ensures good installation without causing roof leakage, and can also improve the efficiency of solar cell modules, reducing the obstruction of sunlight by parapets.

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