光伏能源技术的发展

The development of photovoltaic energy technology

　　国内外开展了大量光伏发电关键技术的研究，得到了一些新的发展，主要技术发展情况总结如下： [3]

A large amount of research on key technologies of photovoltaic power generation has been carried out both domestically and internationally, and some new developments have been made. The main technological developments are summarized as follows: [3]

　　光伏电池技术

Photovoltaic cell technology

　　光伏电池有晶硅电池、薄膜电池和其他电池。其中，晶硅电池是主流，市场份额超过90%，包括单晶硅电池和多晶硅电池。薄膜电池主要有碲化镉（CdTe）电池、铜铟镓硒（CIGS）电池、非晶硅（ASi）薄膜电池、砷化镓电池和纳米二氧化钛染料敏化电池等，其中，CdTe电池技术发展最快，市场占有率最高。近年来，新型光伏电池技术处于探索开发与创新阶段，新出现了钙钛矿太阳能电池、量子点太阳能电池等新型电池。钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转化效率已超过20%，有望达到30%。

Photovoltaic cells include crystalline silicon cells, thin film cells, and other types of cells. Among them, crystalline silicon batteries are the mainstream, with a market share of over 90%, including monocrystalline silicon batteries and polycrystalline silicon batteries. Thin film batteries mainly include cadmium telluride (CdTe) batteries, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) batteries, amorphous silicon (ASi) thin film batteries, gallium arsenide batteries, and nano titanium dioxide dye sensitized batteries. Among them, CdTe battery technology develops the fastest and has the highest market share. In recent years, new photovoltaic cell technologies have been in the stage of exploration, development, and innovation, with the emergence of new types of cells such as perovskite solar cells and quantum dot solar cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 20% and is expected to reach 30%.

　　最大功率跟踪点技术

Maximum Power Tracking Point Technology

　　最大功率点跟踪技术（MPPT）即在环境条件不断变化的情况下，通过自寻优化的过程，使光伏阵列输出最大功率，从而提高发电效率。现有的MPPT算法可分为自寻优法和非自寻优法两大类，自寻优法包括扰动观测法、电导增量法、恒定电压法、短路电流法等，而非自寻优法主要是曲线拟合法。

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology refers to the process of self optimization in constantly changing environmental conditions, which enables the photovoltaic array to output maximum power and improve power generation efficiency. The existing MPPT algorithm can be divided into two categories: self optimization method and non self optimization method. Self optimization method includes disturbance observation method, conductivity increment method, constant voltage method, short-circuit current method, etc., while non self optimization method mainly includes curve fitting method.

　　光追踪增效技术

Light tracking efficiency enhancement technology

　　利用太阳光追踪装置可使光伏系统光能利用率大大提高，因此光追踪增效技术是光伏发电技术发展的重要方向，其中包括光追踪技术和基于光追踪技术的光定向反射技术（定日镜）。光线追踪技术种类很多，主要有被动跟踪系统和主动跟踪系统。

The use of solar tracking devices can greatly improve the utilization of solar energy in photovoltaic systems. Therefore, light tracking efficiency enhancement technology is an important direction for the development of photovoltaic power generation technology, including light tracking technology and light directional reflection technology based on light tracking technology (heliostats). There are many types of ray tracing technologies, mainly passive tracking systems and active tracking systems.

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