There are still many risks in the construction and operation of photovoltaic power stations. The main risks faced by photovoltaic power plants throughout their entire lifecycle are:

01 场地风险

01 Site Risk

分布式光伏电站的建设场地比较复杂，通常有荒地、废矿沉降区场地、建筑屋顶、水面等。废矿区建设场地的下沉、建筑屋顶的荷载等风险都需要在投资建设时进行了解和在项目前期有效规避。

The construction site of distributed photovoltaic power stations is relatively complex, usually including wasteland, abandoned mine settlement areas, building roofs, water surfaces, etc. The subsidence of the construction site in the waste mining area, the load on the building roof, and other risks need to be understood during investment and effectively avoided in the early stages of the project.

02 场地产权风险

02 Property Rights Risks of the Site

分布式光伏有很多是采用场地租赁或通过合作等方式建设的，不能办理产权证，在长达20多年的运营周期内，建设场地或建筑屋顶的归属权变化都会产生产权或使用权持久性等企业信用风险，易产生纠纷。特别是房主、厂房租赁户一旦发生变化，其屋顶租赁、所发电力的消纳等情况都有可能发生较大的变化，对于自发自用或自发自用、余电上网的电站产生消纳和并网接入风险等。

Many distributed photovoltaics are built through site leasing or cooperation, and cannot obtain property rights certificates. Over a 20 year operating cycle, changes in ownership of the construction site or building roof can result in corporate credit risks such as property or usage rights persistence, which can easily lead to disputes. Especially if homeowners and factory tenants change, there may be significant changes in their roof leasing, electricity consumption, and other situations, which may pose risks to the consumption and grid connection of power stations that are self used or self used, or have surplus electricity connected to the grid.

03 电网结构变化带来的并网风险

03 Grid connection risks brought about by changes in grid structure

由于目前我国发电主体是以煤热电为主，惯性大，与光伏、风电调峰、调度的响应速度慢。同时，随着大量工商业屋顶电站，居民户分布式光伏发电的建设并大量接入用户侧电网，会对用户侧电网产生电网电压偏高、波动增加、光伏逆变器应过压跳闸导致无法正常发电和用户电器损坏等风险。因此，如何把握可再生能源并网风险，将成为电网需要研究的重要课题。

Due to the current dominance of coal thermal power generation in China, which has a large inertia, the response speed to photovoltaic, wind power peak shaving, and scheduling is slow. At the same time, with the construction of a large number of industrial and commercial rooftop power plants, distributed photovoltaic power generation for residential households, and a large number of connections to the user side power grid, there will be risks such as high grid voltage, increased fluctuations, overvoltage tripping of photovoltaic inverters, and inability to generate electricity normally, as well as damage to user electrical appliances. Therefore, how to grasp the risks of renewable energy grid connection will become an important topic that the power grid needs to study.

04 电价风险

04 Electricity Price Risk

随着可再生能源发电的发展，电价波动或降价的风险也是存在的，尽管电价降价的风险比较小，但是这种风险始终存在。

With the development of renewable energy generation, there is also a risk of price fluctuations or price reductions. Although the risk of price reductions is relatively small, this risk always exists.

05 电站设备质量和寿命风险

05 Power Station Equipment Quality and Life Risk

尽管光伏发电站的主要设备性能和寿命都能满足20年以上的使用寿命但是一些组件和逆变器等设备依旧存在短时期损坏的问题，特别是一些个别厂家生产的设备有比较严重的质量问题，很难达到预期的使用寿命。

Although the main equipment performance and lifespan of photovoltaic power stations can meet a service life of more than 20 years, some components and inverters still suffer from short-term damage, especially some equipment produced by individual manufacturers with serious quality problems, making it difficult to achieve the expected service life.

06 自然灾害风险

06 Natural Disaster Risk

光伏发电站投资较大，投资回报周期长，受到自然灾害等不确定因素的干扰风险较大，光伏发电站的安全稳定和高效运行是确保投资回收的关键，光伏发电站安装在旷野、屋顶等场所，使用环境相对恶劣，雷电、飓风、洪水、冰雹、雪灾等等不可抗的自然灾害都会给光伏发电带来组件破损、支架倾倒等巨大的损坏。

Photovoltaic power stations have a large investment and a long investment return cycle, and are at high risk of interference from uncertain factors such as natural disasters. The safe, stable, and efficient operation of photovoltaic power stations is crucial to ensuring investment recovery. Photovoltaic power stations are installed in open fields, rooftops, and other places, and the operating environment is relatively harsh. Irresistible natural disasters such as lightning, hurricanes, floods, hail, and snow can cause component damage to photovoltaic power generation Massive damage such as bracket tilting.

07 运行事故风险

07 Risk of operational accidents

光伏发电站在运营中还有很多运营事故风险，尽管光伏发电站建成后，运维费用相对较少，但是它所面临的风险依旧存在。热斑、接头接触不良，轻则导致电路、设备损坏，严重的会导致严重的火灾事故，造成重大的经济损失。

There are still many operational accident risks in the operation of photovoltaic power stations. Although the operation and maintenance costs are relatively low after the completion of photovoltaic power stations, the risks they face still exist. Hot spots and poor contact of joints can cause damage to circuits and equipment, and in severe cases, can lead to serious fire accidents and significant economic losses.