光伏发电系统由光伏方阵（光伏方阵由光伏组件串并联而成）、控制器、蓄电池组、直流/交流逆变器、光伏支架等部分组成光伏发电系统的核心部件是光伏组件（由光伏电池串、并联并封装而成），它能够将太阳的光能直接转化为电能，但光伏组件产生的电为直流电，可以通过利用逆变器将其转换成交流电。从另一个角度来看光伏系统产生的电能可以即发即用，也可以用蓄电池等储能装置将电能存放起来，在根据需求随时释放出来使用。

The photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array (composed of photovoltaic modules in series and parallel), a controller, a battery pack, a DC/AC inverter, a photovoltaic bracket, and other components. The core component of the photovoltaic power generation system is the photovoltaic module (composed of photovoltaic cells in series, parallel, and packaged), which can directly convert the solar energy into electricity, but the electricity generated by the photovoltaic module is DC, It can be converted into AC power by using an inverter. From another perspective, the electricity generated by photovoltaic systems can be used immediately or stored by energy storage devices such as batteries, which can be released and used at any time according to demand.

光伏电站根据安装位置的不同，主要分为地面光伏电站和分布式光伏电站。地面光伏电站是指光伏电池板安装在地面上的光伏发电系统，需要占用一定的土地资源，通常利用人烟稀少的土地资源发电。分布式光伏电站是指将光伏电池板安装在建筑物屋顶、墙面等分布式场所的光伏发电系统，不需要占用额外的土地资源，可利用建筑物空间资源发电。

Photovoltaic power stations are mainly divided into ground photovoltaic power stations and distributed photovoltaic power stations according to their installation locations. Ground photovoltaic power station refers to a photovoltaic power generation system where photovoltaic panels are installed on the ground, which requires a certain amount of land resources and usually utilizes sparsely populated land resources for power generation. Distributed photovoltaic power stations refer to photovoltaic power generation systems that install photovoltaic panels on distributed locations such as roofs and walls of buildings. They do not require additional land resources and can utilize building spatial resources for power generation.

光伏企业主要将分布式光伏电站分为工商业分布式光伏电站和户用分布式光伏电站。工商业分布式光伏电站通常安装在工业厂房、商场、超市、学校、医院、车站等各类企事业单位的建筑物屋顶，合同通常是与法人或其他组织签订。户用分布式光伏电站则通常安装在家庭住宅屋顶或院落内，合同通常是与自然人签订。

Photovoltaic enterprises mainly divide distributed photovoltaic power stations into industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power stations and household distributed photovoltaic power stations. Industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power plants are usually installed on the roofs of various enterprises and institutions such as industrial factories, shopping malls, supermarkets, schools, hospitals, stations, etc. Contracts are usually signed with legal persons or other organizations. Household distributed photovoltaic power stations are usually installed on the roofs or courtyards of residential buildings, and contracts are usually signed with natural persons.

虽然实践中，光伏企业已经将分布式光伏电站分为工商业分布式光伏电站和户用分布式光伏电站，但在法律上并无“工商业”和“户用”对应的分类或者概念，不过为了结合行业实际，本文聚焦于户用分布式光伏电站的相关问题展开。

Although in practice, photovoltaic enterprises have divided distributed photovoltaic power stations into industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power stations and household distributed photovoltaic power stations, there is no legal classification or concept corresponding to "industrial and commercial" and "household". However, in order to combine industry practice, this article focuses on the relevant issues of household distributed photovoltaic power stations.

工商业分布式光伏电站的建设能够让工商业建筑屋面资源的拥有者能够获得一定的屋顶资源租赁费用或自发自用余电上网的收益，一定程度上缓解了成本压力，既能减少能源消耗，又能充分利用闲置资源实现节能减排，给企业带来较大的经济效益、环境效益。同时，工商业屋顶分布式光伏电站，也将成为未来光伏发展的重要方向，帮助企业降低运营成本提高效率，完成绿色转型升级和高质量发展。

The construction of industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power stations can enable owners of roof resources in industrial and commercial buildings to obtain a certain amount of roof resource rental fees or profits from self generated and self used surplus electricity grid connection, which to some extent alleviates cost pressure. It can reduce energy consumption and fully utilize idle resources to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, bringing significant economic and environmental benefits to enterprises. At the same time, industrial and commercial rooftop distributed photovoltaic power stations will also become an important direction for future photovoltaic development, helping enterprises reduce operating costs, improve efficiency, complete green transformation and upgrading, and achieve high-quality development.