随着全球对可持续发展的关注不断增加，分布式光伏发电作为一种清洁、高效的能源解决方案，正逐渐成为能源转型的重要组成部分。它不仅有助于减少对传统化石燃料的依赖，还为实现碳中和目标提供了有力支持。

With the increasing global attention to sustainable development, distributed photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and efficient energy solution, is gradually becoming an important component of energy transformation. It not only helps reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels, but also provides strong support for achieving carbon neutrality goals.

　　一、分布式光伏发电的原理与优势

1、 Principles and advantages of distributed photovoltaic power generation

　　分布式光伏发电系统是一种利用太阳能光伏电池将太阳光直接转化为电能的发电方式。其核心原理是“光伏效应”，即当太阳光照射到半导体材料（如硅）时，光子激发半导体中的电子，从而产生电流。这种发电方式具有显著的优势，包括：

Distributed photovoltaic power generation system is a power generation method that uses solar photovoltaic cells to directly convert sunlight into electrical energy. The core principle is the "photovoltaic effect", which means that when sunlight shines on semiconductor materials (such as silicon), photons excite electrons in the semiconductor, thereby generating an electric current. This power generation method has significant advantages, including:

　　就地发电与消纳：分布式光伏发电系统通常安装在用户场地附近，所发电力可以直接用于满足用户自身需求，多余电量再接入电网。这种方式减少了电力在长途传输中的损耗，提高了能源利用效率。

On site power generation and consumption: Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems are usually installed near user sites, and the generated electricity can be directly used to meet the user's own needs, with excess electricity then connected to the grid. This method reduces the loss of electricity during long-distance transmission and improves energy utilization efficiency.

　　灵活性高：分布式光伏发电系统可以根据场地条件和用户需求灵活设计和安装，适用于各种规模和场景，从家庭屋顶到大型工商业建筑。

High flexibility: Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can be flexibly designed and installed according to site conditions and user needs, suitable for various scales and scenarios, from household rooftops to large industrial and commercial buildings.

　　环境友好：光伏发电过程中不产生温室气体排放，是一种真正的清洁能源。在平均日照条件下，1千瓦分布式光伏系统每年可减少约1吨二氧化碳排放。

Environmentally friendly: Photovoltaic power generation does not produce greenhouse gas emissions and is a truly clean energy source. Under average sunlight conditions, a 1 kW distributed photovoltaic system can reduce approximately 1 ton of carbon dioxide emissions annually.

　　二、分布式光伏发电的应用场景

2、 Application scenarios of distributed photovoltaic power generation

　　（一）工商业领域

（1） In the field of industry and commerce

　　工商业建筑的屋顶面积大，光照条件好，是分布式光伏发电的理想场所。例如，义乌城投金福源停车楼屋顶分布式光伏发电项目，通过在停车楼屋顶安装光伏板，不仅为车辆遮阳挡雨，还为停车楼提供了绿色电能。该项目预计年均发电量达66.3万千瓦时，每年可减少碳排放量498.26吨。

The large roof area and good lighting conditions of industrial and commercial buildings make them ideal places for distributed photovoltaic power generation. For example, the Yiwu City Investment Jinfuyuan Parking Building Roof Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Project installs photovoltaic panels on the roof of the parking building, which not only provides shade and rain protection for vehicles, but also provides green electricity for the parking building. The project is expected to generate an average annual power of 663000 kilowatt hours and reduce carbon emissions by 498.26 tons annually.

　　（二）农村与家庭

（2） Rural and Family

　　农村地区和家庭住宅也是分布式光伏发电的重要应用场景。通过安装小型光伏系统，用户可以实现自发自用，余电上网。这种模式不仅降低了用户的用电成本，还为电网提供了额外的清洁能源。例如，山东某村庄通过安装防逆流并网箱，将50户家庭的光伏发电系统连接到电网，显著提高了家庭对光伏发电的自消纳能力。

Rural areas and residential homes are also important application scenarios for distributed photovoltaic power generation. By installing a small photovoltaic system, users can achieve self use and connect surplus electricity to the grid. This model not only reduces users' electricity costs, but also provides additional clean energy for the power grid. For example, a village in Shandong Province connected the photovoltaic power generation systems of 50 households to the grid by installing anti backflow and net cages, significantly improving the self consumption capacity of households for photovoltaic power generation.

　　（三）公共设施

（3） Public facilities

　　分布式光伏发电系统还可以应用于公共设施，如学校、医院和污水处理厂等。温岭市某污水处理厂通过安装分布式光伏发电系统，不仅满足了自身部分用电需求，还降低了运营成本。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can also be applied to public facilities such as schools, hospitals, and sewage treatment plants. A sewage treatment plant in Wenling City has installed a distributed photovoltaic power generation system, which not only meets some of its own electricity needs but also reduces operating costs.

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