工商业BIPV建筑一体化光伏组件，一般采用层压机封装，易产生的问题主要有以下几方面：组件本身设计不合理、组件内部气泡、组件边缘空胶、电池串位置移动、电池片碎片等。下面来讲讲工商业BIPV建筑一体化光伏常见问题及解决办法。

Industrial and commercial BIPV building integrated PV modules are generally packaged with laminated press, and the main problems are as follows: unreasonable design of the module itself, internal bubbles of the module, empty glue at the edge of the module, position movement of the battery string, cell chip fragments, etc. Let's talk about the common problems and solutions of industrial and commercial BIPV building integration PV.

组件设计方面

Component design

在满足透光率和光电的转换效率的前提下，电池片间距尽量小，电池片到玻璃边缘的距离尽量大。组件在层压阶段，层压机的硅胶板与组件表面接触，组件表面受到硅胶板向下的压力，硅胶板逐渐作用于玻璃边缘，此时，玻璃边缘分别受到一个向下的压力及向组件内部的分应力。此时如果电池片距离玻璃边缘太近，焊带就很有可能弯曲。

On the premise of meeting the transmittance and photoelectric conversion efficiency, the distance between the cells should be as small as possible, and the distance between the cells and the glass edge should be as large as possible. In the lamination stage of the module, the silica gel plate of the laminator contacts with the surface of the module, and the surface of the module is subjected to downward pressure of the silica gel plate. The silica gel plate gradually acts on the glass edge. At this time, the glass edge is subjected to a downward pressure and a component stress towards the interior of the module. At this time, if the battery is too close to the glass edge, the welding strip is likely to bend.

组件气泡方面

Component bubble

.1、组件预压完成后出现的气泡：

. 1 Bubbles after component preloading:

抽真空不充分，PVB内部有空气残留。解决的方法是：调整层压工艺参数，适当延长抽真空时间；PVB胶片的存储环境不合格（由于PVB胶片的吸水性极强，储存条件有严格的要求：相对温度18-20°C，相对湿度25-30%）；PVB厚度不均匀，造成局部充填不良；钢化玻璃自身的弯曲度不同，导致两层玻璃间存在缝隙；上下两片玻璃尺寸大小不同，导致敷设组件时上下玻璃不能完全对齐。

The vacuum is not sufficient, and there is air residue inside the PVB. The solution is to adjust the laminating process parameters and appropriately extend the vacuum pumping time; The storage environment of PVB film is unqualified (due to the strong water absorption of PVB film, there are strict requirements for storage conditions: relative temperature 18-20 ° C, relative humidity 25-30%); The thickness of PVB is uneven, resulting in poor local filling; The bending degree of toughened glass itself is different, resulting in gaps between the two layers of glass; The size of the upper and lower pieces of glass is different, resulting in that the upper and lower glass cannot be completely aligned when laying components.

2、组件内部气泡回返现象

2. Bubble return phenomenon inside the module

生产出的合格组件在放置一端时间后，组件的边缘出现了气泡，具体解决方法如下：

After the qualified components are placed at one end of the time, bubbles appear at the edge of the components. The specific solutions are as follows:

①在真空预压生产完毕后，待组件冷却下来，就要将组件进行高压釜固化处理，预压组件在现场放置时间不得超过24小时，否则也会造成气泡回返现象的发生。

① After the completion of vacuum preloading production, after the module cools down, the module should be autoclaved for curing. The preloading module should not be placed on site for more than 24 hours, otherwise it will also cause bubble return.

②在层压后组件边缘涂抹二丁酯化学试剂：组件在进入高压釜之前在组件四周的PVB胶片上涂抹二丁酯后，让二丁酯加速融化PVB，对于气泡的控制可以起到一定的作用。

② Apply the dibutyl ester chemical reagent on the edge of the laminated module: before the module enters the autoclave, apply the dibutyl ester on the PVB film around the module, and let the dibutyl ester accelerate the melting of PVB, which can play a certain role in the control of bubbles.

3、高压釜固化后组件气泡未赶出

3. The component bubbles are not ejected after autoclave curing

真空预压阶段的温度高，时间长，导致组件气泡的产生，需要调节真空预压的温度及时间；高压釜固化阶段，没有对气泡进行上夹处理，需要对气泡处做上夹处理；组件边缘胶片过薄，导致气泡处胶量稀少，需要增加一层PVB胶片。

The high temperature and long time in the vacuum preloading stage lead to the generation of bubbles in the module. The temperature and time of vacuum preloading need to be adjusted; In the autoclave curing stage, the air bubbles were not clamped, and the air bubbles need to be clamped; The film at the edge of the module is too thin, resulting in a thin amount of glue at the bubble, so it is necessary to add a layer of PVB film.

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