集中式大型并网光伏电站一般是国家级电站，主要特点是将所发电能直接输送到电网，由电网统一调配向用户供电。特点是占地面积大、输送距离远、投资大、建设周期长。

Centralized large-scale grid connected photovoltaic power stations are generally national level power stations, with the main feature of directly transmitting the generated energy to the power grid, which is uniformly distributed by the power grid to supply power to users. The characteristics are large footprint, long transportation distance, high investment, and long construction period.

详细来说，是将光伏阵列安装于山地、水面、荒漠等较为宽阔的地域，阳光照射后光伏阵列可产生直流电，逆变器再将直流电转变成交流电后，经由升压站接入电网。集中式光伏电站的规模普遍较大，一般均在10MW以上，且目前100MW以上的特大型光伏电站逐渐增多。

Specifically, it involves installing photovoltaic arrays in wider areas such as mountains, water surfaces, and deserts. When exposed to sunlight, the photovoltaic arrays can generate direct current, which is then converted into alternating current by an inverter and connected to the power grid through a booster station. The scale of centralized photovoltaic power stations is generally large, usually above 10MW, and currently there is an increasing number of super large photovoltaic power stations above 100MW.

集中式光伏的三个核心要素是土地、资金与指标。集中式光伏电站项目开发规模大，通常占用土地、水面等，地面式选址选项多，且不断拓展出新的用地模式，地面式选址集中在山体、滩涂、沼泽、戈壁、沙漠、受污染土地等闲置或废弃土地上。一经完成相关手续建设完成可持续享受国家标杆电价补贴，因此收益稳定。

The three core elements of centralized photovoltaics are land, funding, and indicators. The development scale of centralized photovoltaic power station projects is large, usually occupying land, water surface, etc. There are many options for ground based site selection, and new land use models are constantly developed. Ground based site selection focuses on idle or abandoned land such as mountains, mudflat, marshes, gobi, deserts, and polluted land. Once the relevant procedures are completed and the construction is completed, sustainable access to national benchmark electricity price subsidies can be enjoyed, resulting in stable income.

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集中式光伏并网电站的分类

Classification of centralized photovoltaic grid connected power stations

（一）大型荒漠地面并网光伏电站

（1） Large scale desert ground grid connected photovoltaic power station

大型荒漠地面并网光伏电站是利用广阔平坦的荒漠地面资源开发的光伏电站,该类电站规模大，一般大于6MW，电站逆变输出经过升压后直接馈入35kV、110kV、220kV或更高电压等级的高压输电网，因该类电站所处环境地势平坦，光伏组件朝向一致，无遮挡，故多采用集中式逆变器。

Large scale desert ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations are photovoltaic power stations developed using vast and flat desert ground resources. These power stations have a large scale, generally greater than 6MW. The inverter output of the power station is directly fed into high-voltage transmission networks of 35kV, 110kV, 220kV or higher voltage levels after being boosted. Due to the flat terrain and consistent orientation of the photovoltaic modules, centralized inverters are often used.

大型荒漠地面并网光伏电站的主要特点是运维更经济、方便，采用集中式逆变器控制更能满足电网的接入要求。该类电站是我国光伏电站的主力,主要集中在西部地区。

The main characteristics of large-scale desert ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations are more economical and convenient operation and maintenance, and the use of centralized inverter control can better meet the requirements of grid connection. This type of power station is the main force of photovoltaic power stations in China, mainly concentrated in the western region.

（二）大型山丘地面并网光伏电站

（2） Large scale hill ground grid connected photovoltaic power station

大型山丘地面并网光伏电站是指利用山地、丘陵等资源开发的光伏电站，它又可以分为光伏组件朝向不一致或存在早晚遮挡问题的大型山丘地面并网光伏电站和地形非常复杂的大型山丘地面并网光伏电站。

Large scale hill ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations refer to photovoltaic power stations developed using resources such as mountains and hills. They can be divided into large-scale hill ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations with inconsistent orientation of photovoltaic modules or problems of morning and evening obstruction, and large-scale hill ground grid connected photovoltaic power stations with very complex terrain.

该类光伏电站规模大小不一，从几兆瓦到上百兆瓦不等，发电以并入高压电网为主，受地形影响，多有光伏组件朝向不一致或早晚遮挡问题，因此这类电站的逆变器多采用具备MPPT模式的集中式逆变器，每路MPPT能够跟踪100多千瓦的光伏组件，将同一朝向的光伏组件设计成一串，大大提升了施工便利性并有效解决了朝向和遮挡问题，同时共交流母线输出，具备集中式逆变器电网友好性特点。

The scale of this type of photovoltaic power station varies from a few megawatts to hundreds of megawatts, and the power generation is mainly integrated into the high-voltage power grid. Due to the influence of terrain, there are often problems with inconsistent orientation or morning and evening obstruction of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, the inverters of this type of power station mostly use centralized inverters with MPPT mode. Each MPPT can track more than 100 kilowatts of photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic modules with the same orientation are designed as a string, greatly improving construction convenience and effectively solving orientation and obstruction problems. At the same time, they share AC bus output, which has the characteristics of centralized inverter grid friendliness.

集中式光伏的优缺点

Advantages and disadvantages of centralized photovoltaics

（一）优点

（1） Advantages

1、由于选址更加灵活，集中式光伏出力稳定性有所增加，并且充分利用太阳辐射与用电负荷的正调峰特性，起到削峰的作用。

1. Due to more flexible site selection, the stability of centralized photovoltaic output has been increased, and the positive peak shaving characteristics of solar radiation and electricity load have been fully utilized, playing a role in peak shaving.

2、其运行方式较为灵活，相对于分布式光伏可以更方便地进行无功和电压控制，参加电网频率调节也更容易实现。

2. Its operation mode is more flexible, making it easier to control reactive power and voltage compared to distributed photovoltaics, and it is also easier to participate in grid frequency regulation.

3、建设周期短，环境适应能力强，不需要水源、燃煤运输等原料保障，运行成本低，便于集中管理，受到空间的限制小，可以很容易地实现扩容。

3. The construction period is short, the environmental adaptability is strong, there is no need for raw material guarantees such as water sources and coal transportation, the operating cost is low, it is easy to manage centrally, and it is less limited by space, making it easy to achieve expansion.

（二）缺点

（2） Disadvantages

1、需要依赖长距离输电线路送电入网，同时自身也是电网的一个较大的干扰源，输电线路的损耗、电压跌落、无功补偿等问题将会凸显。

1. It is necessary to rely on long-distance transmission lines to deliver electricity to the grid, and at the same time, it is also a major source of interference to the grid. Issues such as transmission line losses, voltage drops, and reactive power compensation will become prominent.

2、大容量的光伏电站由多台变换装置组合实现，这些设备的协同工作需要进行同一管理，目前这方面技术尚不成熟。

2. Large capacity photovoltaic power plants are realized by combining multiple transformation devices, and the collaborative work of these devices requires the same management. Currently, this technology is not yet mature.

3、为保证电网安全，大容量的集中式光伏接入需要有LVRT等新的功能，这一技术往往与孤岛存在冲突。

3. To ensure the safety of the power grid, high-capacity centralized photovoltaic access requires new functions such as LVRT, which often conflicts with islanding.