分布式光伏发电特指在用户场地附近建设，运行方式以用户侧自发自用、多余电量上网，且在配电系统平衡调节为特征的光伏发电设施。下面来了解下，分布式光伏发电的形式、场合及使用地点。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation specifically refers to a photovoltaic power generation facility built near the user's site, operating in a way that is characterized by spontaneous self use on the user's side, excess electricity connected to the grid, and balanced adjustment in the distribution system. Let's take a look at the forms, occasions, and usage locations of distributed photovoltaic power generation.

1、分布式光伏发电有哪些应用形式？

1. What are the application forms of distributed photovoltaic power generation?

分布式光伏发电包括并网型、离网型及多能互补微网等应用形式，并网型分布式发电多应用于用户附近，一般与中、低压配电网并网运行，自发自用，不能发电或电力不足时从电网上购电，电力多余时向网上售电。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation includes application forms such as grid connected, off grid, and multi energy complementary microgrids. Grid connected distributed power generation is mostly applied near users and generally operates in parallel with medium and low voltage distribution networks. It is self used and cannot generate electricity or purchases electricity from the grid when there is insufficient electricity, and sells electricity online when there is excess electricity.

离网型分布式光伏发电多应用于边远地区和海岛地区，它不与大电网连接，利用自身的发电系统和储能系统直接向负荷供电。

Off grid distributed photovoltaic power generation is mostly used in remote and island areas. It is not connected to the large power grid and uses its own power generation and energy storage system to directly supply power to the load.

分布式光伏系统还可以与其它发电方式组成多能互补微电系统，如水、风、光等，既可以作为微电网独立运行，也可以并入电网联网运行。

Distributed photovoltaic systems can also form multi energy complementary micro electric systems with other power generation methods, such as water, wind, light, etc. They can operate independently as microgrids or be integrated into the grid for network operation.

2、分布式光伏发电适用于哪些场合？

2. What are the applications of distributed photovoltaic power generation?

分布式光伏发电系统的适用场合可分为两大类：

The applicability of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can be divided into two categories:

一是可在全国各类建筑物和公共设施上推广，形成分布式建筑光伏发电系统，利用当地各类建筑物和公共设施建立分布式发电系统，满足电力用户的部分用电需求，为高耗能企业提供生产用电。

Firstly, it can be promoted on various buildings and public facilities nationwide, forming a distributed building photovoltaic power generation system. By utilizing various local buildings and public facilities, a distributed power generation system can be established to meet the partial electricity demand of power users and provide production electricity for high energy consuming enterprises.

二是可在偏远地区海岛等少电无电地区推广，形成离网发电系统或微电网，由于经济发展水平的差距原因，我国仍有部分偏远地区的人口没有解决基本用电问题。

Secondly, it can be promoted in remote areas such as islands with low electricity and no electricity, forming off grid power generation systems or microgrids. Due to the gap in economic development level, there are still some populations in remote areas in China who have not solved the basic electricity problem.

以往的农网工程大多依靠大电网的延申，小水电、小火电等供电，电网延伸困难非常大，且供电半径过长，导致供电能质量较差，发展离网型分布式发电不仅可以解决处于无电少电地区居民基本用电问题，还可以清洁高效地利用当地的可在生能源，有效的解决了能源和环境之间的茅盾。

In the past, most rural power grid projects relied on the extension of the large power grid, small hydropower, small thermal power, and other power sources. The difficulty in extending the power grid was very large, and the power supply radius was too long, resulting in poor power supply quality. Developing off grid distributed generation not only solves the basic electricity consumption problem for residents in areas without electricity and low electricity, but also cleanly and efficiently utilizes local renewable energy, effectively solving the gap between energy and the environment.

3、哪些地点适合安装分布式光伏发电系统？

3. Which locations are suitable for installing distributed photovoltaic power generation systems?

工业领域厂房：特别是在用电量比较大、网购电费比较贵的工厂，通常厂房屋顶面积很大，屋顶开阔平整，适合安装光伏阵列并且由于用电负荷较大，分布式光伏并网系统可以做以就地消纳，抵消一部分网购电量，从而节省用户的电费。

Industrial plants: especially in plants with large power consumption and high online electricity purchase cost, the roof area of the plant is usually large, the roof is open and flat, which is suitable for installing Photovoltaic system. Due to the large power load, the distributed photovoltaic grid connected system can be used to consume locally, offset part of the online electricity purchase, so as to save users' electricity costs.

商业建筑：与工业园区的作用效果类似，不同之处在于商业建筑多为水泥屋顶，更有利与安装光伏阵列，但是往往对建筑美观性有要求，按照商厦、写字楼、酒店、会议中心、度假村等服务业的特点，用户负荷特性一般表现为白天较高，夜间较低，能够较好的匹配光伏发电特性。

Commercial buildings: similar to the effect of industrial parks, the difference is that most commercial buildings are cement roofs, which are more favorable for the installation of Photovoltaic system, but often have requirements for architectural aesthetics. According to the characteristics of commercial buildings, office buildings, hotels, conference centers, resorts and other service industries, the user load characteristics are generally higher in the daytime and lower at night, which can better match the photovoltaic power generation characteristics.