1、 Electrical equipment installation preparation stage

施工之前组织参加施工的人员熟悉设计图纸，明确工艺的流程。在工程的过程中，选派一名精通继电保护、懂远动、熟悉一次设备的复合型人员为工作负责人，来指挥协调施工全过程。准备工作应满足以下条件：一是确定施工的任务，包括施工方案、施工技术交底记录和安全交底记录。二是施工现场一次设备安装完毕，电缆沟电缆支架安装完毕，现场设置好安全标示牌，做好安全措施。三是物资准备完成，产品安装前，开箱检查铭牌数据，产品外表应无损坏，还须对照清单查收零部件与携带的文件。四是标明电缆的编号、起始点、终点、型号准备好；编号管打印完成。五是在施工前开一次现场会议，讲清工作任务、施工要求和有关注意事项。

Before construction, organize the construction personnel to be familiar with the design drawings and clarify the process flow. In the process of the project, a compound person who is proficient in relay protection, telecontrol and primary equipment shall be selected as the person in charge to command and coordinate the whole construction process. The preparation work shall meet the following conditions: first, determine the construction task, including the construction plan, construction technical disclosure records and safety disclosure records. Second, after the installation of primary equipment on the construction site and the installation of cable trench cable support, safety signs and safety measures shall be set up on the site. Third, after the preparation of materials and before the installation of products, the nameplate data shall be unpacked and checked. The appearance of the products shall be free of damage, and the parts and documents shall be checked against the list. Fourth, mark the number, starting point, end point and model of the cable; The numbering tube is printed. Fifth, hold a site meeting before construction to clarify the work tasks, construction requirements and relevant precautions.

二、电气施工阶段流程

2、 Electrical construction stage process

1、设备安装

1. Equipment installation

设备安装包括组件安装、汇流箱的安装、逆变器室设备安装、升压箱变安装、站用箱变安装、引出线高压设备安装、高压柜安装、户外高压设备安装、二次设备安装、监控设备安装、消防报警系统安装、安防监控系统安装、办公自动化设备安装等。

Equipment installation includes component installation, combiner box installation, inverter room equipment installation, booster box transformer installation, station box transformer installation, outgoing line high-voltage equipment installation, high-voltage cabinet installation, outdoor high-voltage equipment installation, secondary equipment installation, monitoring equipment installation, fire alarm system installation, security monitoring system installation, office automation equipment installation, etc.

2、电缆敷设

2. Cable laying

负责人在电缆敷设前对二次图和电缆清册进行认真校核，科学制订计划，尽量减少敷设过程中的交叉穿越。敷设电缆，按照型号相同进行，每敷设一条，在电缆两端挂其相对应的电缆牌，（根据经验用标签纸贴好后再用透明胶纸包裹或医用胶布）。同时负责人负责检查和记录，防止漏放、错放和重放。每条电缆两端电缆牌要确保统一，电缆的两端的设备一定要正确，并且电缆预留长度满足接线要求即可，不宜过长或过短，造成浪费和带来不必要的麻烦。在敷设过程中电缆应从电缆盘上端引出，不应使电缆在支架上及地面摩擦拖拉，注意水管口、支架、墙孔刮伤电缆，对电缆进行有效防护。电缆在电缆井和电缆沟支架上的固定，要统一绑扎材料，绑扎手法，确保电缆在沟内整齐美观。敷设完毕后负责人尽快进行后复核，无误后可清理电缆沟，盖回电缆沟板，防止外力破坏电缆和减少施工现场的不安全因素。

The person in charge shall carefully check the secondary drawing and cable list before cable laying, and make a scientific plan to minimize crossing during the laying process. The cable shall be laid according to the same model. Each cable shall be hung with its corresponding cable tag at both ends of the cable (according to experience, it shall be pasted with label paper and then wrapped with transparent adhesive tape or medical adhesive tape). At the same time, the person in charge is responsible for checking and recording to prevent missing, misplacing and replaying. The cable labels at both ends of each cable should be unified, the equipment at both ends of the cable must be correct, and the reserved length of the cable should meet the wiring requirements, and should not be too long or too short, causing waste and unnecessary trouble. During the laying process, the cable shall be led out from the upper end of the cable reel. The cable shall not be dragged on the support and the ground by friction. Pay attention to scratching the cable at the water pipe mouth, support and wall hole to effectively protect the cable. The cable shall be fixed on the cable well and cable trench support with uniform binding materials and methods to ensure that the cable is neat and beautiful in the trench. After laying, the person in charge shall carry out the final review as soon as possible. The cable trench can be cleaned and the cable trench plate can be covered back to prevent external forces from damaging the cable and reducing unsafe factors at the construction site.

3、制作电缆头

3. Make cable head

按照图纸确定电缆的接线位置，按顺序排好电缆，量好接线高度。剥电缆外皮和电缆头屏蔽层焊接接地线的时候严防切伤、烫伤芯线，以至损坏绝缘。电缆头要用长6cm、大小适中的热缩管套住，且高度一致。

First, determine the wiring position of the cable according to the drawing, arrange the cables in order, and measure the wiring height. When peeling the cable sheath and the shield layer of the cable head to weld the ground wire, strictly prevent cutting and scalding the core wire, which may damage the insulation. The cable head shall be covered with a heat shrinkable tube with a length of 6cm and a moderate size, and the height shall be consistent.

4、接线

4. Wiring

确定电缆顺序，剥除芯线部分绝缘层，接线完毕后套上编号管，后检查、记录。注意在校线时所有线芯必须与设备断开，线芯之间无接触。校线完毕插上编号管后注意其保护，一般将芯线头弯曲，以防编号管丢失。盘柜、端子箱等电缆接线时，电缆牌和电缆的绑扎位置、方式、电缆芯弯曲路径进行统一，接线应排列整齐，固定牢固，芯线应按垂直或水平有规律地配置，应从上到下顺序排列，尼龙扎带绑扎高度要一致，每个端子的一侧接线宜为1根，不得超过2根。对于插接式端子，不同截面的两根导线不得接在同一端子上。

Determine the cable sequence, peel off part of the insulation layer of the core wire, cover the numbering tube after wiring, and finally check and record. Note that all wire cores must be disconnected from the equipment and there is no contact between wire cores. Pay attention to the protection after inserting the number tube after the wire calibration. Generally, bend the core wire head to prevent the number tube from being lost. When wiring cables such as panels, cabinets, terminal boxes, etc., the binding position and method of cable tags and cables, and the bending path of cable cores shall be unified. The wiring shall be arranged neatly and firmly. The core wires shall be arranged vertically or horizontally in a regular manner, from top to bottom. The binding height of nylon straps shall be consistent. The wiring on one side of each terminal should be 1, not more than 2. For plug-in terminals, two conductors with different cross sections shall not be connected to the same terminal.

5、检查恢复

5. Check recovery

接线完成后，将所有芯线从端子排上断开进行一次校线，并随校随恢复，注意回路的接地，还要特别注意对CT、PT回路的紧线，确保CT回路无开路、PT回路无短路。通讯线屏蔽层可靠接地;各通讯端口可靠保护;交流电源接地正确。屏上各标签框完整准确。任一元件应有明显标识:控制保护屏上压板、开关、指示灯及装置名称标签;控制保护屏后空气开关标签;电度表屏上标签;交流屏上空气开关标签;直流屏上空气开关标签框;各屏后端子排按单位做标识;在计算机通讯线的插头上做标识标明用途。后做好盘柜等的电缆口封板、填堵防火型有机堵料和接地安装。屏蔽接地线按一定长度编织，压接线鼻大小适中且焊锡牢固，端部用热缩管套好，盘柜间的连接要用多股软铜线，并与地网可靠连接。

After the wiring is completed, disconnect all core wires from the terminal block for primary wiring calibration, and recover with the calibration. Pay attention to the grounding of the circuit, and pay special attention to the tightening of the CT and PT circuits to ensure that there is no open circuit in the CT circuit and no short circuit in the PT circuit. The shielding layer of communication line is reliably grounded; Reliable protection of all communication ports; The AC power supply is grounded correctly. Each label box on the screen is complete and accurate. Any element shall have obvious identification: pressing plate, switch, indicator light and device name label on the control protection screen; Air switch label behind control protection screen; Label on the watt-hour meter screen; Air switch label on AC screen; Air switch label box on DC screen; The terminal strip behind each screen shall be marked by unit; Mark the plug of the computer communication line to indicate the purpose. Finally, do a good job in the installation of cable opening sealing plate, fireproof organic plugging material and grounding. The shielded grounding wire shall be braided according to a certain length, the crimping nose shall be of moderate size and firmly soldered, the end shall be sleeved with heat-shrinkable pipe, and the connection between panels and cabinets shall be made of multi-strand flexible copper wire, and reliably connected with the grounding grid.

三、电气调试

3、 Electrical commissioning

1、前期准备阶段

1. Early preparation stage

应对整个站二次综合自动化系统设备进行全面了解，包括综合自动化装置的安装方式，控制保护屏、公用屏、电度表屏、交流屏、直流屏的数量和主要功能；了解一次主接线，各间隔实际位置及运行状态；进行二次设备外观检查,主要有装置外观是否损坏，屏内元件是否完好，接线有无折断、脱落等;检查各屏电源接法是否准确无误，无误后对装置逐一上电，注意观察装置反应是否正确,然后根据软件组态查看、设置装置地址；连好各设备之间通讯线,调试至所有装置通讯正常，在后台机可观察装置上送数据。

First of all, we should have a comprehensive understanding of the secondary integrated automation system equipment of the whole station, including the installation mode of integrated automation devices, the number and main functions of control protection screen, public screen, watt-hour meter screen, AC screen and DC screen; Understand the primary main wiring, the actual position and operation status of each interval; Conduct secondary equipment appearance inspection, mainly including whether the device appearance is damaged, whether the components in the screen are intact, and whether the wiring is broken or fallen off; Check whether the power connection method of each screen is correct. After that, power on the devices one by one, observe whether the device response is correct, and then check and set the device address according to the software configuration; Connect the communication lines between all devices, debug until all devices communicate normally, and observe the device sending data on the background computer.

2、调试阶段

2. Commissioning stage

这个阶段包括一次、二次系统的电缆连接、保护、监控等功能的全面校验和调试。检查调试一次、二次系统的电缆连接，主要有以下内容:

This stage includes comprehensive verification and commissioning of cable connection, protection, monitoring and other functions of primary and secondary systems. First, check and debug the cable connection of the primary and secondary systems, mainly including the following:

（1）开关控制回路的调试

(1) Commissioning of switch control circuit

给上直流屏控制电源、储能电源或合闸电源,检查一次开关侧储能电源或合闸电源保险是否合上，以免合闸时烧毁合闸线圈。合上装置电源开关和控制回路开关，手动逐一分合断路器,检查控制回路、断路器位置指示灯颜色是否正确，反应是否正常。如发现控制断路器位置指示灯熄灭或红绿灯全亮，要立即关闭控制直流电源,查找原因。应注意如果装置跳合闸保持回路需要与断路器操动机构跳合闸电流配合时,继电器保持电流是否与断路器控制回路实际电流值匹配。如果不匹配，当继电器保持电流比实际电流小时，将烧毁跳合闸保持继电器；当比实际电流大时,跳合闸不可靠或跳合不成功。

Power on the DC panel control power supply, energy storage power supply or closing power supply, and check whether the energy storage power supply or closing power supply fuse at the primary switch side is closed to avoid burning the closing coil when closing. Close the power switch and control circuit switch of the device, manually open and close the circuit breaker one by one, and check whether the color of the control circuit and the circuit breaker position indicator is correct and whether the reaction is normal. If the position indicator of the control circuit breaker is off or the traffic lights are all on, turn off the control DC power supply immediately and find out the cause. Attention should be paid to whether the relay holding current matches the actual current value of the circuit breaker control circuit if the device tripping and closing holding circuit needs to match the tripping and closing current of the circuit breaker operating mechanism. If it does not match, when the relay holding current is smaller than the actual current, the tripping and closing holding relay will be burned; When the current is greater than the actual current, the tripping and closing is not reliable or successful.

（2）断路器本身信号和操动机构信号调试

(2) Circuit breaker signal and operating mechanism signal commissioning

A、弹簧操动机构

A. Spring operating mechanism

检验弹簧未储能信号正确。弹簧未储能信号应接在装置的正确位置，且要求在未储能时，接点闭合用以闭锁线路重合闸。若正确，断路器合上后装置面板应有重合闸充电（达到装置充电条件时）标志显示。

Verify that the spring is not charged correctly. The spring without energy storage signal shall be connected to the correct position of the device, and the contact shall be closed to lock the line reclosure when the energy is not stored. If it is correct, after the circuit breaker is closed, the device panel shall be marked with reclosing charging (when the device charging condition is reached).

B、液压操动机构

B. Hydraulic operating mechanism

检验压力信号是否齐全，后台机SOE事件名称、时间显示是否正确,报警应正确。

Check whether the pressure signal is complete, whether the background machine SOE event name and time display are correct, and whether the alarm should be correct.

C、SF6开关气体压力信号

C. SF6 switch gas pressure signal

应在后台机上正确显示SOE事件名称、时间，报警正确。

The SOE event name and time shall be correctly displayed on the background machine, and the alarm shall be correct.

3、开关量状态以及在后台机上的显示

3. Switch status and display on background computer

逐一拉合一次侧断路器、刀闸，查看后台机SOE事件名称、时间是否正确，断路器、刀闸状态显示是否正确。若状态与实际相反，是断路器、刀闸辅助触点常开、常闭接反。此时,可通过更改电缆接线或后台机遥信量组态改正，但改后台机遥信量特性组态“常开”为“常闭”时，在调度端也应做相应改动。

Pull and close the circuit breaker and knife switch at the primary side one by one, check whether the SOE event name and time of the background machine are correct, and whether the circuit breaker and knife switch status display is correct. If the status is contrary to the actual situation, the circuit breaker and the auxiliary contact of the knife switch are normally open and normally closed. At this time, it can be corrected by changing the cable wiring or the remote signaling configuration of the background machine, but when changing the remote signaling characteristic configuration of the background machine from "normally open" to "normally closed", corresponding changes should also be made at the dispatching end.

4、主变压器本体信号的检查

4. Inspection of main transformer body signal

（1）主变压器本体瓦斯、温度、压力等信号在后台机上显示的SOE事件名称、时间是否正确;重瓦斯信号、压力信号应响电笛并跳主变各侧断路器,轻瓦斯、温度高信号应响电铃（无人职守变电站可以省去电笛、电铃等报警系统）。

(1) Whether the SOE event name and time displayed by the gas, temperature, pressure and other signals of the main transformer body on the background machine are correct; The heavy gas signal and pressure signal shall ring the electric whistle and trip the circuit breaker at each side of the main transformer, and the light gas and high temperature signal shall ring the electric bell (the alarm system such as electric whistle and electric bell can be omitted in the unattended substation).

（2）查主变压器分接头档位和调节分接头过程在后台机显示是否正确。

(2) Check whether the tap position of the main transformer and the tap adjustment process are displayed correctly on the background computer.

（3）查变压器温度在后台机显示是否正确。一般主变压器测温电阻应有三根出线，一根接测温电阻一端，另两根共同接测温电阻另一端用以补偿从主变压器到主控室电缆本身的电阻，提高测温的精度。在测温装置上也应按此方式连接，否则测出的温度不准，接错时是小值。

(3) Check whether the transformer temperature is displayed correctly on the background computer. Generally, the temperature measuring resistance of the main transformer should have three outgoing lines, one is connected to one end of the temperature measuring resistance, and the other two are connected to the temperature measuring resistance together, and the other end is used to compensate the resistance of the cable itself from the main transformer to the main control room, so as to improve the temperature measuring accuracy. The temperature measuring device should also be connected in this way, otherwise the measured temperature is inaccurate, and it is the minimum value in case of wrong connection.

5、二次交流部分的检查

5. Inspection of secondary exchange part

（1）用升流器在一次侧对A、B、C三相分别加单相电流，对二次电流回路进行完整性检查。不应开路或串到其他回路，有效值、相别应正确。在装置面板查看保护电流回路数值、相别和测量回路电流数值、相别；在电度表屏用钳型表测量计度电流，后在后台机查看电流显示。

(1) Apply single-phase current to three-phase A, B and C at the primary side with a current riser to check the integrity of the secondary current circuit. It shall not be open circuit or connected to other circuits, and the effective value and phase shall be correct. Check the protection current circuit value, phase and measurement circuit current value and phase on the device panel; Measure the metering current with a clamp meter on the watt-hour meter screen, and finally check the current display on the background computer.

（2）用调压器在PT二次侧A、B、C三相分别加单相电压57V。注意观察该母线段所有保护、测量、计量电压回路应都有电压，其他母线段设备无电压，相别反映正确。用万用表量电度表屏计度电压，查看装置面板、后台机电压显示值是否正确。加三相电压，用看计度、测量、保护电压相序。启动PT切换功能（电压并列装置），本电压等级一、二段母线均应有正确电压显示，而其他母线段二次侧无电压。

(2) Use the voltage regulator to apply the single-phase voltage of 57V to the three phases A, B and C at the secondary side of PT. Pay attention to observe that all protection, measurement and metering voltage circuits of this bus section shall have voltage, and other bus section equipment shall have no voltage, and the phase response is correct. Use a multimeter to measure the voltage on the watt-hour meter screen and check whether the voltage displayed on the device panel and background machine is correct. Apply three-phase voltage, measure and protect the phase sequence of voltage. Start the PT switching function (voltage paralleling device). The first and second bus sections of this voltage level should have correct voltage display, while the secondary side of other bus sections has no voltage.

四、光伏阵列

4、 PV array

1.核实所有汇流箱的保险丝是否被取出，并且检查汇流箱盒子的输出端没有电压存在。

1. Check whether the fuses of all combiner boxes are taken out, and check that there is no voltage at the output end of the combiner box.

2.目测光伏组件和配电盘之间的任何插座和连接器是否处于正常工作状态。

2. Visually check whether any socket and connector between PV module and distribution board are in normal working condition.

3.检查电缆的无应力夹具是否安装正确、牢固。

3. Check whether the stress-free clamp of the cable is installed correctly and firmly.

4.目测所有光伏组件是否完好无损。

4. Visually check whether all PV modules are intact.

5.检查所有的线缆是否整齐、固定完好。

5. Check whether all cables are neat and fixed.

五、接地电阻的测试

5、 Test of grounding resistance

测量各接地体的接地电阻，箱（柜）体及金属基础等接地可靠。

Measure the grounding resistance of each grounding body. The box (cabinet) body and metal foundation are grounded reliably.

六、直流侧检测

6、 DC side detection

1.检查每个光伏组件开路电压是否正常（施工中进行）；

1. Check whether the open-circuit voltage of each PV module is normal (during construction);

2.检查集线箱各组串输入输出电压是否正常；

2. Check whether the input and output voltage of each string in the marshalling box is normal;

3.检查逆变器输入直流电压是否正常；

3. Check whether the input DC voltage of the inverter is normal;

4.测量直流正负两侧对地电压是否异常；

4. Measure whether the voltage to the ground on the positive and negative sides of the DC is abnormal;

七、监控系统调试

7、 Monitoring system commissioning

1.检查各传感设备接口、通讯线路连接是否正常；

1. Check whether the interface and communication line of each sensing equipment are connected normally;

2.检查数据采集器和各类传感器的电源线是否接好；

2. Check whether the power lines of the data collector and various sensors are properly connected;

3.检查太阳辐射仪上罩盖是否揭开；

3. Check whether the upper cover of the solar radiometer is opened;

4.检查逆变器和负载检测电能表的通讯接线是否正确；

4. Check whether the communication wiring of inverter and load detection electric energy meter is correct;

5.启动监控系统，观察各监测数据是否正常，如某些数据不能获取，重启监控系统和该传感设备。

5. Start the monitoring system and observe whether the monitoring data are normal. If some data cannot be obtained, restart the monitoring system and the sensing equipment.

八、光伏项目试运行

8、 Photovoltaic project commissioning

1.调试时，对一台逆变器进行并网操作；

1. During commissioning, first connect one inverter to the grid;

2.逐一并上其它逆变器，观察启动与工作状态；

2. Connect other inverters one by one and observe the startup and working status;

3.启动所有光伏子系统、控制回路、监控系统，观察整个系统运行情况；

3. Start all photovoltaic subsystems, control loops and monitoring systems, and observe the operation of the whole system;

4.记录系统运行数据（如发电量、日运行时间、故障记录、设备温度、气象数据等）；

4. Record system operation data (such as power generation, daily operation time, fault record, equipment temperature, meteorological data, etc.);

5.试运行十五天，作全面数据记录，用作分析和工程资料存档。

5. Fifteen days of trial operation, make comprehensive data records for analysis and engineering data archiving.

九、系统测试试验

9、 System test

1、检查并确保光伏阵列完全被阳光照射并且没有任何遮荫。

1. Check and ensure that the PV array is completely exposed to the sun and free from any shade.

2、如果系统没有运行，那么打开系统运行开关让它运行15分钟，然后再开始系统性能测试。

2. If the system is not running, turn on the system running switch and let it run for 15 minutes, and then start the system performance test.

3、用一种或两种方法进行太阳辐射照度测试，并且将测试值记录下来。用高辐射值除以1000瓦/平方米，得出的数据为辐射比。

3. Use one or two methods to test the solar irradiance, and record the test value. The highest radiation value is divided by 1000 W/m2, and the resulting data is the radiation ratio.

4、将光伏组件的输出功率汇总记录这些值，然后乘以0.7，就得到预期交流输出的峰值。

4. Summarize and record these values of the output power of photovoltaic modules, and then multiply by 0.7 to get the peak value of the expected AC output.

5、通过逆变器或系统仪表记录交流输出，并将这个值记录下来。

5. Record AC output through inverter or system instrument and record this value.

6、用交流测量功率值除以当时的辐射比值，将这个值记录下来。这个“交流修正值”是光伏系统的额定输出功率，他应该高于交流估算值的90％或者更多，如果低于交流估算值的90％，说明这个光伏系统有遮荫、组件表面脏、连线错误、保险丝损坏、逆变器不能正常运行等问题。

6. Divide the AC measured power value by the current radiation ratio and record this value. This "AC corrected value" is the rated output power of the photovoltaic system, which should be higher than 90% or more of the AC estimated value. If it is lower than 90% of the AC estimated value, it indicates that the photovoltaic system has problems such as shading, dirty component surface, wiring error, fuse damage, and the inverter can not operate normally.

有了工商业屋顶光伏上面的小总结，希望对广大客户有所帮助，如果有什么不理解的或者寻求帮助的请点击我们的网站：http://www.zdnygf.com或者来电咨询，我们会尽全力为您

With the summary above of industrial and commercial rooftop PV, I hope it can help our customers. If you have any questions or need help, please click our website: http://www.zdnygf.com Or call to inquire, we will do our best for you