什么是分布式光伏电站？

　　What is a distributed photovoltaic power station?

　　分布式光伏电站通常是指利用分散式资源，装机规模较小的、布置在用户附近的光伏发电系统，它一般接入低于35千伏或更低电压等级的电网。分布式光伏电站包括屋顶电站、光伏建筑一体化、农光互补、渔光互补等。和我们普通居民相关的主要是家庭分布式光伏电站，其特点是安装容量小、流程简单、收益稳定，也是国家补贴相对高的一种分布式光伏发电系统。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power plants usually refer to photovoltaic power generation systems that utilize decentralized resources, have small installed capacity, and are arranged near users. They are generally connected to power grids with voltage levels below 35 kV or lower. Distributed photovoltaic power stations include rooftop power stations, photovoltaic building integration, agricultural photovoltaic complementarity, fishery photovoltaic complementarity, etc. The main ones related to ordinary residents are household distributed photovoltaic power plants, which are characterized by small installation capacity, simple process, stable income, and are also a type of distributed photovoltaic power generation system with relatively high national subsidies.

　　安装光伏电站要花多少钱？占多大面积？

　　How much does it cost to install a photovoltaic power station? What is the area occupied?

　　以北京地区为例，装机容量5kW的电站，平均全年每天发电20度左右，占地面积约40-50平方米，投资金额约为5万元。

　　Taking Beijing as an example, a power station with an installed capacity of 5kW generates an average of about 20 kWh of electricity per day throughout the year, covering an area of about 40-50 square meters and with an investment of about 50000 yuan.

　　10kW电站平均每天发电42度左右，占地面积100平方米左右，投资金额约为10万。

　　The 10kW power station generates an average of about 42 kWh of electricity per day, covers an area of about 100 square meters, and has an investment amount of approximately 100000 yuan.

　　居民光伏系统一般根据屋顶面积设计光伏发电系统，装机容量3-10kW，投资大概需要3-10万元。

　　Residential photovoltaic systems are generally designed based on the roof area, with an installed capacity of 3-10kW and an investment of approximately 30000 to 100000 yuan.

　　补贴有多少？

　　How much is the subsidy?

　　● 分布式补贴

　　● Distributed subsidies

　　2017年，国家对分布式光伏电站的补贴是每度电0.42元，补贴年限20年。地方上也有补贴，各地补贴政策不同，补贴年限3-5年不等，具体可以咨询当地电网公司。

　　In 2017, the national subsidy for distributed photovoltaic power plants was 0.42 yuan per kilowatt hour, with a subsidy period of 20 years. There are also subsidies at the local level, and the subsidy policies vary from place to place, with subsidy periods ranging from 3-5 years. For specific details, please consult the local power grid company.

　　● 光伏标杆电价上网补贴

　　● Grid subsidy for benchmark photovoltaic electricity prices

　　2017年，光伏电站上网标杆电价调整为为一类地区每度0.65元，二类地区0.75元，三类地区0.85元。标杆电价较2016年有所下调，以下是对比表。

　　In 2017, the benchmark electricity price for photovoltaic power stations was adjusted to 0.65 yuan per kilowatt hour in Class I areas, 0.75 yuan per kilowatt hour in Class II areas, and 0.85 yuan per kilowatt hour in Class III areas. The benchmark electricity price has been lowered compared to 2016. The following is a comparison table.

　　谁付钱给我？

　　Who will pay me?

　　家用光伏电站业主的补贴款由国家的可再生能源发展基金支付，并由电网企业转付。所以补贴收益由电网转给业主，具体方式各地略有区别。一般情况下电网会记录业主的银行卡号，定期往银行卡里发放补贴，一个季度或半年发放一次。

　　The subsidy for household photovoltaic power plant owners is paid by the national renewable energy development fund and transferred by the power grid enterprise. So the subsidy income is transferred from the power grid to the owners, and the specific methods vary slightly in different regions. In general, the power grid will record the owner's bank card number and regularly distribute subsidies to the bank card once a quarter or half a year.

　　每年能赚多少钱？

　　How much money can you earn every year?

　　分布式光伏电站的年收益率一般在10%以上，根据各地补贴政策、光照气候及自发自用比例有所不同。

　　The annual yield of distributed photovoltaic power plants is generally above 10%, which varies depending on local subsidy policies, lighting climate, and the proportion of self use.

　　以北京为例，自发自用余电上网模式下，度电补贴收益为0.72元/度（其中国家补贴0.42元，市县补贴0.3元）；全额上网模式下度电补贴收益为1.05元/度（其中北京市光伏发电标杆上网电价为0.75元，市县补贴0.3元）。

　　Taking Beijing as an example, under the self use surplus electricity grid connection mode, the subsidy income per kilowatt hour is 0.72 yuan (including a national subsidy of 0.42 yuan and a city county subsidy of 0.3 yuan); Under the full grid connection mode, the subsidy income per kilowatt hour is 1.05 yuan (including a benchmark grid electricity price of 0.75 yuan for photovoltaic power generation in Beijing and a subsidy of 0.3 yuan for cities and counties).

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