节能减排的大背景下，光伏发电成为未来发展产业的必然趋势。光伏产品产量逐年增加，据我国光伏行业协会统计数据显示，新能源光伏发电技术逐渐走向成熟化，紧跟未来光伏产业的进一步良性、持续发展，并逐步向产业化、规模化发展。光伏产品技术水平的不断提高、成本的不断下降将愈发成为企业的追求。但技术的进步仍是我国未来光伏产业发展的主要目标。巩固、发展光伏技术在我国发电行业的领先，以优质的光伏技术打开新能源发展的大门，迎接新一轮全新的复兴与发展。

　　Against the backdrop of energy conservation and emission reduction, photovoltaic power generation has become an inevitable trend for the future development of the industry. The output of photovoltaic products has been increasing year by year. According to statistics from the China Photovoltaic Industry Association, new energy photovoltaic power generation technology is gradually maturing, closely following the further healthy and sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry in the future, and gradually moving towards industrialization and scale development. The continuous improvement of photovoltaic product technology and the continuous reduction of costs will become increasingly the pursuit of enterprises. But technological progress remains the main goal for the future development of China's photovoltaic industry. Consolidate and develop the leading position of photovoltaic technology in China's power generation industry, open the door to the development of new energy with high-quality photovoltaic technology, and welcome a new round of rejuvenation and development.

　　1新能源光伏发电技术的重要性

　　The Importance of New Energy Photovoltaic Power Generation Technology

　　所谓新能源光伏发电技术，顾名思义，就是基于新发展理念下，在新能源框架下发展起来的，利用光能转化为电能的发电技术。在当下，新能源光伏发电技术，在我国北方和西部地区，已经出现一定的尝试与探索，并在一定地域内进入到大众的家庭使用中，在替代传统火力发电技术的同时，也为家庭产生了一定的经济效益(新能源光伏发电技术在满足家庭自用的同时，多余出来的电力可以被发电厂以一定的经济价格所回收)，但以全国的分布来看，新能源光伏发电技术，在我国的市场前景和发展的潜力还是巨大的，未来若是能解决一些技术瓶颈，被推广开来，对于我国的能源发展进程，将具有里程碑式的重要意义。

　　The so-called new energy photovoltaic power generation technology, as the name suggests, is a power generation technology developed under the framework of new energy based on the new development concept, which utilizes light energy to convert into electrical energy. At present, new energy photovoltaic power generation technology has made certain attempts and explorations in northern and western regions of China, and has entered the public's household use in certain areas. While replacing traditional thermal power generation technology, it has also generated certain economic benefits for households (new energy photovoltaic power generation technology can meet household self use while the excess electricity can be recovered by power plants at a certain economic price). However, from a national distribution perspective, the market prospects and development potential of new energy photovoltaic power generation technology in China are still enormous. If some technical bottlenecks can be solved in the future and promoted, it will have milestone significance for China's energy development process.

　　2新能源光伏发电现状

　　Current situation of new energy photovoltaic power generation

　　2.1设施不完善

　　2.1 Inadequate Facilities

　　新能源光伏发电技术基础设施不完善的问题。在我国已经普及新能源光伏发电技术的地区，虽然家庭自用电量已经得到充分的满足，但是对于家庭自用电量以外的光伏发电量却没有做到有效的收集与利用，这虽然在一定程度上缓解了这一地区的“缺电”传统，但是在某些方面却违背了新能源光伏发电技术的推广“初衷”，不利于新能源光伏发电技术的深层次推广，因而是值得改进的问题之一。

　　The problem of inadequate infrastructure for new energy photovoltaic power generation technology. In areas where new energy photovoltaic power generation technology has been widely popularized in China, although household electricity consumption has been fully met, effective collection and utilization of photovoltaic power generation beyond household electricity consumption has not been achieved. Although this has alleviated the traditional "power shortage" in this region to some extent, it violates the "original intention" of promoting new energy photovoltaic power generation technology in some aspects and is not conducive to the deep promotion of new energy photovoltaic power generation technology. Therefore, it is one of the problems worthy of improvement.

　　2.2产能过剩

　　2.2 Overcapacity

　　对于我国的光伏产业来讲，在长期的发展过程中经历了由市场需求巨大到整个行业聚集效应凸显的过程，而且已经过渡到了供过于求甚至是产能过剩的阶段。在我国范围内，多个地区都进行了新能源、热光辐、热发电基础设施的建设，许多光伏发电项目已经逐渐投产并且持续运行，在实际发展过程中，光伏发电项目产能过剩的现象，随着光伏建设项目的数量增多变得越来越严重。伴随着这种现象的出现，我国政府已经针对所出现的相关问题进行了控制，为了保证光伏产业的健康有序发展，通过相关政策调整以及经济手段控制等起到了一定效果但是仍然未能实现根本上的改变。

　　For China's photovoltaic industry, it has gone through a long-term development process from huge market demand to the prominent clustering effect of the entire industry, and has transitioned to a stage of oversupply or even overcapacity. In China, multiple regions have carried out the construction of new energy, thermal radiation, and thermal power generation infrastructure. Many photovoltaic power generation projects have gradually been put into operation and continue to operate. In the actual development process, the phenomenon of overcapacity in photovoltaic power generation projects has become increasingly serious with the increase in the number of photovoltaic construction projects. With the emergence of this phenomenon, the Chinese government has taken measures to control the related problems. In order to ensure the healthy and orderly development of the photovoltaic industry, relevant policy adjustments and economic measures have played a certain role, but fundamental changes have still not been achieved.

　　2.3多晶硅制造技术不够成熟

　　2.3 Polycrystalline silicon manufacturing technology is not mature enough

　　光伏产业的整体发展水平仍然处于较低的层次，新能源光伏发电过程中需要的多晶硅技术大多数都被外国所掌握，这些国家在该技术的研发以及创新方面都比较成熟，所以新能源光伏发电过程中，多晶硅的质量比较高，产生的能耗也会比较少，不会对环境造成破坏。在新能源发电设备生产量不断激增的过程中，新能源发电设备当中的主要原料也就是多晶硅的需求数量不断提升，但因为我国的技术相对来讲并不是非常成熟，而且门槛也比较高，所以多晶硅的产量得不到提升，这不仅导致了当前多晶硅制造过程中消耗大量的能源，同时，对环境也造成了一定程度的污染。

　　The overall development level of the photovoltaic industry is still at a relatively low level, and most of the polycrystalline silicon technology required in the process of new energy photovoltaic power generation is mastered by foreign countries. These countries are relatively mature in the research and innovation of this technology. Therefore, in the process of new energy photovoltaic power generation, the quality of polycrystalline silicon is relatively high, the energy consumption generated is also relatively low, and it will not cause damage to the environment. In the process of the continuous surge in production of new energy power generation equipment, the demand for polysilicon, the main raw material in new energy power generation equipment, is constantly increasing. However, due to the relatively immature technology and high threshold in China, the production of polysilicon cannot be increased. This not only leads to the consumption of a large amount of energy in the current polysilicon manufacturing process, but also causes a certain degree of pollution to the environment.

　　3新能源光伏发电技术应用

　　Application of New Energy Photovoltaic Power Generation Technology

　　3.1光伏玻璃

　　3.1 Photovoltaic Glass

　　光伏发电层位于透光抗滑保护层之下，以确保光伏发电结构不受车辆动力荷载的破坏，保证路面发电工作持续进行。它主要结构包括：光伏发电板、控制器、蓄电池及各种辅助材料。太阳能电池组件(也叫太阳能电池板)是光伏发电系统中的核心部分，也是光伏发电系统中最重要的部分。透过透光混凝土在阳光下的作业，利用光电效应原理将太阳能转化为电能，在电路的传送下通过蓄电池控制器作用传送至蓄电池、附近基站进行储电，或是推动负载工作，这就是光伏发电板的发电结构。

　　The photovoltaic power generation layer is located below the transparent anti slip protection layer to ensure that the photovoltaic power generation structure is not damaged by vehicle dynamic loads and to ensure the continuous operation of road power generation work. Its main structure includes photovoltaic panels, controllers, batteries, and various auxiliary materials. Solar cell modules (also known as solar panels) are the core and most important part of photovoltaic power generation systems. Through the operation of transparent concrete under sunlight, the principle of photoelectric effect is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is transmitted through the circuit to the battery and nearby base stations for storage or to drive the load. This is the power generation structure of photovoltaic panels.

　　3.2储能技术

　　3.2 Energy storage technology

　　新能源行业特别是风能和太阳能发电受外部环境的变化输出功率呈现出间歇性和波动性，储能技术可解决发电中弃风弃光、平滑输出、跟踪出力并可参与电网调频的业务，在国家的政策指导下各地发布了辅助调频、新能源发电的相关政策，促进了储能技术商业化的步伐;国内储能行业处于发展阶段，相关的政策法规需进一步完善;储能技术的引入可以改善新能源发电的性质、可持续供电和系统的稳定性，行业对太阳能发电中储能技术的分析、研究和应用尚处于发展初期，相关技术还不成熟和完善，应用容量较小，对大规模光伏电站和风电站的应用有限。而随着新能源发电系统规模的不断增加，储能技术在新能源发电系统中的应用日益受到关注。

　　The new energy industry, especially wind and solar power generation, exhibits intermittency and volatility in output power due to changes in the external environment. Energy storage technology can solve the problems of wind and solar power abandonment, smooth output, tracking output, and participate in grid frequency regulation. Under the guidance of national policies, various regions have issued relevant policies for auxiliary frequency regulation and new energy power generation, promoting the commercialization of energy storage technology; The domestic energy storage industry is in the development stage, and relevant policies and regulations need to be further improved; The introduction of energy storage technology can improve the properties of new energy generation, sustainable power supply, and system stability. The industry's analysis, research, and application of energy storage technology in solar power generation are still in the early stages of development, and related technologies are not yet mature and perfect. The application capacity is small, and its application to large-scale photovoltaic and wind power plants is limited. With the continuous increase in the scale of new energy generation systems, the application of energy storage technology in new energy generation systems is receiving increasing attention.

　　3.3风力发电机的低压飞行技术

　　3.3 Low voltage flight technology of wind turbines

　　低压输电(LVT)无疑是风电技术中的一项重要技术。当风电机组的输出电压除LVT外均降低时，风区的风电机组会出现雪崩，最终导致整个正风区瘫痪，危害电力系统的稳定。因此，现在必须对风电机组进行低电压设计，以减轻低电压对风电场安全运行的威胁。为了保证低压风力发电机组的生存能力，在设计电压的基础上，使风机在受到冲击、SVG等压力的地区的输出电压能迅速恢复到正常水平，从而保证低压风力发电机组的生存能力。

　　Low voltage transmission (LVT) is undoubtedly an important technology in wind power technology. When the output voltage of wind turbines decreases except for LVT, the wind turbines in the wind zone will experience an avalanche, ultimately leading to the paralysis of the entire positive wind zone and endangering the stability of the power system. Therefore, it is now necessary to carry out low-voltage design for wind turbines to mitigate the threat of low voltage to the safe operation of wind farms. In order to ensure the survival capability of low-voltage wind turbines, based on the design voltage, the output voltage of the wind turbine in areas subjected to impact, SVG and other pressures can be quickly restored to normal levels, thereby ensuring the survival capability of low-voltage wind turbines.

　　3.4太阳能发电技术

　　3.4 Solar power generation technology

　　太阳辐射其实是地球上重要的能源。太阳的能量不断地释放到地球上，每秒钟释放的能量相当于500万吨标准煤。太阳能电池通常分为晶体硅太阳能电池、薄膜太阳能电池、复合薄膜太阳能电池、半导体有机太阳能电池和聚光器太阳能电池。利用好太阳能发电技术，亦可节约不可再生资源的开发以及环境保护。

　　Solar radiation is actually an important energy source on Earth. The energy of the sun is constantly released onto the earth, and the energy released every second is equivalent to 5 million tons of standard coal. Solar cells are usually divided into crystalline silicon solar cells, thin-film solar cells, composite thin-film solar cells, semiconductor organic solar cells, and concentrator solar cells. Making good use of solar power generation technology can also save on the development of non renewable resources and environmental protection.

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